Bulgaria is a signatory of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and has signed and ratified the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), being one of the 44 listed countries needed to sign and ratify for the CTBT to enter into force.

Bulgaria had six reactors operating at the Kozloduy nuclear power stations. All reactors are of the Soviet VVER design, the first four were the 440-230 model. Under the terms of the accession partnership agreement, these four reactors were scheduled for closure - Units 1 and 2 by 2003 and Units 3 and 4 in 2006. The first two blocks were closed in line with the agreement. However it is continually argued by the Bulgarian Government and pro-nuclear bodies within the EU that Units 3 and 4 have achieved levels of safety comparable with reactors of similar age in Western Europe.

In October 2006 the Russian firm Atomstroyexport and Areva signed a USD$5.1 billion deal with Bulgaria to construct two 1,000 MW nuclear reactors at Belene. Funding is still being sought and construction has not started.

Read the profile on Bulgaria from the Model Nuclear Inventory (pdf), produced by the Reaching Critical Will project of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.