At present there are 9 countries in the world that possess nuclear weapons. They are:

• Russia
• United States
• China
• France
• United Kingdom
• Pakistan
• India
• Israel
• North Korea

These states have roughly 12,331 nuclear warheads, with over 9,600 in active military stockpiles, according to the Federation of Atomic Scientists' 2025 Status of the Worlds Nuclear Forces. While this is a significant decline from the approximately 70,000 warheads owned by the nuclear-armed states during the Cold War, nuclear arsenals are expected to grow over the coming decade and today’s forces are vastly more capable.

Who has the most nuclear weapons?

Russia has the most confirmed nuclear weapons, with over 5,500 nuclear warheads. The United States follows behind with 5,044 nuclear weapons, hosted in the US and 5 other nations: Turkey, Italy, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Total nuclear warheads owned by these 2 countries alone counts for nearly 90% of nuclear weapons in the world.

Total number of warheads for North Korea and Israel is unconfirmed. However, it has been estimated that North Korea has enough fissile material to develop between 40-50 individual weapons, while Israel has material for up to 200, with an estimated 90 existing warheads.

What does these countries having nuclear weapons mean?

A single nuclear warhead could kill hundreds of thousands of people, with lasting and devastating humanitarian and environmental consequences. Detonating just 1 nuclear weapon alone over New York would cause an estimated 583,160 fatalities.

Combined, China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, United Kingdom and the United States possess over 12,300 nuclear weapons, most of which are many times more powerful than the nuclear weapon dropped on Hiroshima. Thirty-two other states are also part of the problem, with six nations hosting nuclear weapons, and a further 28 endorsing their use.

Tactical nuclear weapons

A tactical nuclear weapon is any weapon that’s not been classified as “strategic” under US- Russian arms control agreements. The Federation of American Scientists currently estimates Russian non-strategic nuclear warheads at 1,912, and U.S. non-strategic warheads at 200, including 100 deployed in five European countries.  While these are often framed as “smaller” or “low yield” nuclear weapons, these warheads can have explosive yields of up to 300 kilotons, or 20 times that of the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima.